Back to Index Page | Previous

 

Detection and Analysis of Drugs of Forensic Interest, 1992 - 2001;
A Literature Review (REFERENCES)

Robert F.X. Klein, Ph.D.*
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
Office of Forensic Sciences
Laboratory Support Section
2401 Jefferson Davis Highway
Alexandria, VA 22301
[email: microgram_editor@mailsnare.net]

Patrick A. Hays, B.S.
U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration
Special Testing and Research Laboratory
22624 Dulles Summit Court
Dulles, VA 20166

  1. Klein RFX, Hays PA. Research on drug evidence. Proceedings, 13th INTERPOL Forensic Science Symposium, Lyon, France (2001).
  2. Brettell TA, Inman K, Rudin N, Saferstein R. Forensic science. Anal Chem 2001;73(12):2735.
  3. Brettell TA, Inman K, Rudin N, Saferstein R. Forensic science. Anal Chem 1999;71(12):235R.
  4. Klein RFX, Hays PA. Research on drug evidence. Proceedings, 12th INTERPOL Forensic Science Symposium, Lyon, France (1998).
  5. Brettell TA, Saferstein R. Forensic science. Anal Chem 1997;69(12):123R.
  6. Klein RFX. Research on drug evidence. Proceedings, 11th ICPO-INTERPOL Forensic Science Symposium, Lyon, France (1995).
  7. Brettell TA, Saferstein R. Forensic science. Anal Chem 1995;67(12):273.
  8. Brettell TA, Saferstein R. Forensic science. Anal Chem 1993;65(12):293r.
  9. Sobol SP. Research on drug evidence. Proceedings, 10th ICPO-INTERPOL Forensic Science Symposium (1992).
  10. Moffat AC. Drugs of abuse. Science Justice 2000;40(2):89.
  11. Malcolm M, Gutfriend M. Chemistry against crime. Can Chem News 1996;48(9):13.
  12. Hartstra J, Franke JP, de Zeeuw RA. How to approach substance identification in qualitative bioanalysis. J Chromatogr B 2000;739:125.
  13. United Nations International Drug Control Programme. Monograph: Rapid Testing Methods of Drugs of Abuse - 1995. New York, NY:1995.
  14. Narcotics Division, Pharmaceutical and Medical Safety Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. Monograph: Manual for Identification of Abused Drugs. Tokyo, Japan:1998.
  15. Anonymous. The Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGDRUG). Microgram 2001;34(6):136. (Note: Most current iteration within review timeframe; updates many previous reports not listed here.)
  16. Janovsky TJ, Bono JP. The Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Forensic Drug Samples (SWGDRUG) - Discussion of SWGDRUG recommendations. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:26. (Note: Most current iteration within review timeframe; updates many previous reports not listed here.)
  17. United Nations International Drug Control Programme. Monograph: Recommended Guidelines for Quality Assurance and Good Laboratory Practices - 1995. New York, NY:1995.
  18. United Nations International Drug Control Programme. Monograph: Glossary of Terms for Quality Assurance and Good Laboratory Practices - 1995. New York, NY:1995.
  19. Saferstein R. Criminalistics: An introduction to Forensic Science, Seventh Ed., Prentice Hall, 2001.
  20. Liu RH, Gadzala DE. Handbook of drug analysis: Applications in forensic and clinical laboratories. American Chemical Society Publications, Washington, DC, 1997.
  21. Cole, MD. Drugs of Abuse, in: Crime Scene to Court: The Essentials of Forensic Science. White, P, Ed. Royal Society of Chemistry:1998 (London).
  22. Europol Drugs Unit. Manual of the Production of Synthetic Drugs. 1998 (The Hague).
  23. Cole MD, Caddy B. The Analysis of Drugs of Abuse: An Instruction Manual. Ellis-Horwood:1995 (New York).
  24. Saferstein R. Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science. 6th Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Princeton Hall:1997.
  25. Adamovics JA. Analysis of addictive and misused drugs. New York, NY. Marcel Dekker, Inc.:1995.
  26. Mills T, Roberson JC, McCrudy H, Wall W. Instrumental data for drug identification. 2nd Ed. Vol. 5. New York, NY. Elsevier:1992.
  27. Juhala JA. The identification of alkyl nitrites. J Can Soc Forensic Sci 1992;25(1):17.
  28. Kurz ME, Witherspoon JR, Savage S, Johns S. Analysis of alkyl nitrites by gas chromatographyinfrared spectroscopy. J Forensic Sci 1992;37(6):1662.
  29. Ripani L, Nichetti D, Rossi A, Schiavone S. In-depth headspace GC/MS analysis of alkyl nitrites. J Can Soc Forensic Sci 1999;32(4):141.
  30. Gennaro MC, Giacosa D, Gioannini E, Angelino S. Hallucinogenic species in Amanita Muscaria determination of muscimol and ibotenic acid by ion-interaction HPLC. J Liq Chromatogr & Rel Tech 1997;20(3):413.
  31. Trenerry VC, Robertson J, Wells RJ. Analysis of illicit amphetamine seizures by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1995;708:169.
  32. Sadeghipour F, Varesio E, Gilroud C, Rivier L, Veuthey JL. Analysis of amphetamine by capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography: Application to drug seizures and cross-validation. Forensic Sci Int 1997;86(1-2):1.
  33. Kotai L, Keszler A, Kazinczy B. The role of self-protonation under direct GC-MS determination of amphetamine hydrochloride. Chromatographia 2001;53(7-8):447.
  34. Veress T. Determination of amphetamine by HPLC after acetylation. J Forensic Sci 2000;45(1):161.
  35. Makino Y, Ohta S, Hirobe M. Enantiomeric separation of amphetamine by high-performance liquid chromatography using chiral crown ether coated reversed-phase packing: Application to forensic analysis. Forensic Sci Int 1996;78(1):65.
  36. Pastor-Navarro MD, Porras-Serrano R, Herraez-Hernandez R, Campins-Falco P. Automated determination of amphetamine enantiomers using a two-dimensional column-switching chromatographic system for derivatization and separation. Analyst 1998;123(2):319.
  37. Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemists Association. Monograph: Review of the Syntheses and Analyses of P2P, Amphetamine, and Methamphetamine. Fresno, CA:1993.
  38. AlDirbashi OY, Ikeda K, Takahashi M, Kuroda N, Ikeda S, Nakashima K. Drugs of abuse in a non-conventional sample; detection of methamphetamine and its main metabolite, amphetamine in abusers' clothes by HPLC with UV and fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2001;15(7):457.
  39. Walker JA, Marche HL. Isomer determination of illicit methamphetamine and amphetamine street samples using cyclodextrin modified free zone capillary electrophoresis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1997;3:23.
  40. Valtier S, Cody JT. Evaluation of internal standards for the analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19:375.
  41. Dasgupta A, Gardner C. Distinguishing amphetamine and methamphetamine from other interfering sympathomimetic amines after various fluoro derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography - chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 1995;40(6):1077.
  42. Wang SM, Ling YC, Tsai LC, Giang YS. Headspace sampling and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in betel. J Chromatogr A 1995;715(2):325.
  43. Longo M, Martines C, Rolandi L, Cavallaro A. Simple and fast determination of some phenethylamines in illicit tablets by base-deactivated reversed phase HPLC. J Liq Chromatogr 1994;17:649.
  44. Sadeghipour F, Giroud C, Rivier L, Veuthey JL. Rapid determination of amphetamines by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr A 1997;761(1-2):71.
  45. Malone JV. HPLC Quantitation of clandestinely manufactured mixtures of amphetamine and methamphetamine. J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 1998;8(4):26.
  46. Malone JV. HPLC Quantitation of clandestinely manufactured mixtures of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Microgram 1998;31(11):304.
  47. Hideg Z, Dinya Z. A simple and rapid method for the identification of amphetamine and methamphetamine hydrochlorides by mass spectrometry. Anal Lett 1993;26:2637.
  48. Zhao J, Chen D, Zhang P, Lu F, Xie H, Li H. Vibrational studies of amphetamine and methamphetamine by micro-Raman scattering. Guangpuxue Yu Guangpu Fenxi 1999;19(5):687.
  49. Sulk RA, Corcoran RC, Carron KT. Surface enhanced Raman scattering detection of amphetamine and methamphetamine by modification with 2-mercaptonicotinic acid. Appl Spectrosc 1999;53(8):954.
  50. Falco PC, Legua CM, Cabeza AS, Serrano RP. Derivatization of amphetamine and methamphetamine with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid into solid-phase extraction cartridges. Determination of amphetamine in pharmaceutical and urine samples. Analyst 1997;122(7):673.
  51. Logan BK. Amphetamines: An update on forensic issues. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25(5):400.
  52. Varesio E, Veuthey J-L. Chiral separation of amphetamines by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1995;717(1-2):219.
  53. Lurie IS, Bethea MJ, McKibben TD, Pelligrini P, Sahai R, Weinberger R. Routine analysis of methamphetamine, amphetamine, and related compounds using capillary electrophoresis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:41.
  54. Varesio E, Gauvrit JY, Longeray R, Lanteri P, Veuthey JL. Central composite design in the chiral analysis of amphetamines by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 1997;18:931.
  55. Lurie IS, Odeneal II NG, McKibben TD, Casale JF. Effects of various anionic chiral selectors on the capillary electrophesis separation of chiral phenethylamines and achiral neutral impurities present in illicit methamphetamine. Electrophoresis 1998;19:2918.
  56. Di Pietra AM, Gotti R, Del Borrello ED, Pomponio R, Cavrini V. Analysis of amphetamine and congeners in illicit samples by liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25(2):99.
  57. Soine WH, Duncan W, Lambert R, Middleberg R, Finley H, O'Neil DJ. Differentiation of side chain isomers of ring-substituted amphetamines using gas chromatography/infrared/mass spectrometry (GC/IR/MS). J Forensic Sci 1992;37(2):513.
  58. Esseiva P, Lock E, Gueniat O, Cole MD. Identification and quantification of amphetamine and analogues by capillary zone electrophoresis. Science Justice 1997;37(2):113.
  59. Cladrowarunge S, Hirz R, Kenndler E, Rizzi A. Enantiomeric separation of amphetamine related drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis using native and derivatized beta-cyclodextrin as chiral additives. J Chromatogr A 1995;710(2):339.
  60. Kaufman MS, Hatzis AC. Electron impact mass spectrometry of N-substituted amphetamines.Microgram 1996;29(7):179.
  61. Van Bocxlaer JF, Lambert WE, Thienpont L, De Leenheer AP. Quantitative determination of amphetamine and alpha-phenethylamine enantiomers in judicial samples using capillary gas chromatography. J Anal Toxicol 1997;21(1):5.
  62. Madden JE, Pearson JR, Rowe JE. Differentiation of side chain isomers of methamphetamine using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 1993;61(2,3):169.
  63. Dimmick I, Meyer E, Van Bocxlaer J, Lambert W, DeLeenheer A. Application of gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry to the analysis of amphetamine analogues. J Chromatogr A 1998;819(1-2):155.
  64. Melgar R, Kelly RC. A novel GC/MS derivatization method for amphetamines. J Anal Toxicol 1993;17:399.
  65. Hensley D, Cody JT. Simultaneous determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) enantiomers by GC-MS. J Anal Toxicol 1999;23(6):518.
  66. Clark CR, Valaer AK, Noggle FT, DeRuiter J. GC-MS Differentiation of acylated derivatives of methamphetamine and regioisomeric phenethylamines. Microgram 1995;28:118.
  67. Clark CR, DeRuiter J, Valaer AK, Noggle FT. GC-MS analysis of acylated derivatives of methamphetamine and regioisomeric phenethylamines. J Chromatogr Sci 1995;33(9):485.
  68. Rizzi AM, Hirz R, Cladrowa-Runge S, Jonsson H. Enantiomeric separation of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and ring substituted amphetamines by means of a beta-cyclodextrin-chiral stationary phase. Chromatographia 1994;39:131.
  69. Mancinelli R, Gentili S, Guiducci MS, Macchia T. Simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography fluorimetric procedure for the determination of amphetamine-derived designer drugs. J Chromatogr B 1999;735(2):243.
  70. Herraez-Hernandez R, Campins-Falco P, Tortajada-Genaro LA. Chiral determination of amphetamine and related compounds using chloroformates for derivatization and highperformance liquid chromatography. Analyst 1998;123(10):2131.
  71. Chen Y-P, Hsu M-C, Chien CS. Analysis of forensic samples using precolumn derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethylchloroformate and liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr A 1994;672:135.
  72. Lurie IS. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of the enantiomers of amphetamines, methamphetamine, and their hydroxyphenethylamine precursors. J Chromatogr 1992;605:269.
  73. Kaufman MS, Hatzis AC, Stuart JG. Negative-ion chemical ionization of amphetamine derivatives. J Mass Spec 1996;31(8):913.
  74. Thurbide KB, Elson CM, Sim PG. Discrimination of structural isomers of amphetamine using carbon dioxide negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Spectroscopy 1997;13(2):151.
  75. Cole MD, McAvoy Y. The analysis of amphetamines by supercritical fluid chromatography with silica gel and poly-(styrenedivinylbenzene) packed columns. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1997;3:23.
  76. McAvoy Y, Cole MD, Gueniat O. Analysis of amphetamines by supercritical fluid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis; a preliminary comparison. Forensic Sci Int 1999;102(1):13.
  77. Munro CH, White PC. Evaluation of diazonium salts as visualization reagents for the thin layer chromatographic characterization of amphetamines. Science Justice 1995;35:37.
  78. Poortman Van Der Meer AJ, Van Egmond HE. Quantitation of amphetamine-type compounds for which no reference compound is available: The validation of a theoretical model. Science Justice 2001;41(3):185.
  79. Casale JF, Koles JE. Analysis of ayahuasca ('Santo Daime'). Microgram 1995;28(9):296.
  80. Ryan TW. Resolution of the non-specific spectra of barbiturates by UV-photodiode array detection II. Effects of sample concentration on spectral matching accuracy. J Liq Chromatogr 1993;16:33.
  81. Kuroda N, Inoue K, Mayahara K, Nakashima K, Akiyama S. Application of 3-(18-naphthalimido) propyl-modified silyl silica gel as a stationary phase in high-performance liquid
    chromatography of barbiturates and diasteromeric compounds. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 1996;19(1718):2867.
  82. Garcia-Borregon PF, Lores M, Cela R. Analysis of barbiturates by micro-high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column photochemical derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2000;870(1-2):39.
  83. Roy M. Analysis of barbiturates using ion trap and quadrupole mass spectrometers: A comparison. J Can Soc Forensic Sci 1994;27:19.
  84. Cai X-L, Wu G-P. Spectral research on the identification of a mixture of barbiturates. Guangpu Shiyanshi 2001;18(5):591.
  85. Hassan SSM, Elnemma EM, El Naby EH. Mercurimetric potentiometric determination of barbiturates using a solid-state iodide ion-selective electrode. Anal Lett 1997;30(6):1081.
  86. Rukhadze MD, Bezarashvili GS, Sebiskveradze MV, Meyer VR. Separation of barbiturates with micellar liquid chromatography and optimization by a second order mathematical design. J Chromatogr A 1998;805(1-2):45.
  87. Cuenca-Benito M, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camanas RM, Medina-Hernandez MJ. Quantitative retention-structure and retention-activity relationships of barbiturates by micellar liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998;814(1-2):121.
  88. Li S, Weber SG. Determination of barbiturates by solid phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 1997;69(6):1217.
  89. Hall BJ, Brodbelt JS. Determination of barbiturates by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and ion trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1997;777(2):275.
  90. Mao Y, Carr PW. Separation of barbiturates and phenylthiohydantoin amino acids using the thermally tuned tandem column concept. Anal Chem 2001;73(8):1821.
  91. Fater Z, Szabady B, Nyiredy S. Two-dimensional overpressured layer chromatographic separation of barbiturate derivatives. J Planar Chromatogr 1995;8:145.
  92. Tomita M, Okuyama T. Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous screening and quantitation of benzodiazepines. J Chromatogr B 1996;678(2):331.
  93. Chen Y, Hu A. Simultaneous determination of trace benzodiazepines from drinks by using direct electrospray probe/mass spectrometry (DEP/MS). Forensic Sci Int 1999;103(2):79.
  94. Almirall JR, Garcia AD. Quantitative determination of common benzodiazepines by free zone electrophoresis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:22.
  95. Neville GA, Beckstead HD, Shurvell HF. A Fourier transform-Raman and infrared vibrational study of delorazepam, fludiazepam, flurazepam, and tetrazepam. J Pharm Sci 1994;83:143.
  96. Sultan SM, El-Mubarak AH. High performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantitation of some psychotherapeutic benzodiazepines optimized by the modified simplex procedure. Talanta 1996;43:569.
  97. Gil-Agusti M, Carda-Broch S, Garcia-Alvarez-Coque M, Esteve-Romero J. Use of micellar mobile phases for the chromatographic determination of clorazepate, diazepam, and diltiazem in pharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr Sci 2000;38(12):521.
  98. Shimamine M, Masunari T, Nakahara Y. Identification of drugs of abuse by diode-array detection I. Screening test and identification of benzodiazepines by HPLC-DAD with ICOS software system. Eisei Shikensho Hokoku 1993;111:47.
  99. He W, Parissis N, Kiratzidis T. Determination of benzodiazepines in forensic samples by HPLC with photo-diode array detection. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(5):1061.
  100. Lurie IS, Cooper DA, Klein RFX. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of benzodiazepines using diode-array, electrochemical, and thermospray mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1992;598:59.
  101. Kleinschnitz M, Herderich M, Schreier P. Determination of 1,4-benzodiazepines by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B 1996;676(1):61.
  102. Saelzer R, Gody G, Vega M, De Diego M, Godoy R, Rios G. Instrumental planar chromatographic determination of benzodiazepines: Comparison with liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. JAOAC Int 2001;84(4):1287.
  103. Boonkerd S, Detaevernier MR, Vindevogel J, Michotte Y. Migration behaviour of benzodiazepines in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996;756(1-2):279.
  104. Renougonnord MF, David K. Optimized micellar electrokinetic chromatographic separation of benzodiazepines. J Chromatogr A 1996;735(1-2):249.
  105. Cinta S, Iliescu T, Astilean S, David L, Cozar O, Kiefer W. 1,4-Benzodiazepine drugs adsorption on the Ag colloidal surface. J Mol Struct 1999;482-483:685.
  106. Beaulieu N, Graham SJ, Sears RW, Lovering EG. Liquid chromatographic determination of alprazolam and related impurities in the drug substance. JAOAC Int 1992;75(5):801.
  107. Catabay A, Taniguchi M, Jinno K, Pesek JJ, Williamsen E. Separation of 1,4-benzodiazepines and analogues using cholesteryl-10-undecenoate bonded phase in microcolumn liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 1998;36(3):111.
  108. Bargo ES. Liquid chromatographic determination of flurazepam hydrochloride in bulk drug and dosage forms: Collaborative study. JAOAC Int 1992;75(2):240.
  109. Yuan H, Mester Z, Lord H, Pawliszyn J. Automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of selected benzodiazepines. J Anal Toxic 2000;24(8):718.
    78 Microgram Journal, Volume 1, Numbers 1-2 (January - June 2003)
  110. Ohta H, Suzuki Y, Sugita R, Suzuki S, Ogasawara K. A confiscation case involving a novel barbiturate designer drug. J Can Soc Forens Sci 2000;33(3):103. [Author's Note: The drug was identified as 1-benzyl-1-n-butylbarbituric acid.]
  111. Sultan SM. Flow injection stopped-flow kinetic determination of the anxiolytic sedative bromazepam in dosage forms. Analyst 1992;117(4):773.
  112. Angelos SA, Raney JK. Analysis of samples of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus) an analogue of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB). Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1996;2:18.
  113. Noggle FT, DeRuiter J, Clark CR. Analytical profiles of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (NEXUS) and related precursor chemicals. Microgram 1994;27:343.
  114. Giroud C, Augsburger M, Rivier L, Mangin P, Sadeghipour E, Varesio E, Veuthey JL, Kamalaprija PM. 2C-B: A new psychoactive phenylethylamine recently discovered in ecstasy tablets sold on the Swiss black market. J Anal Toxicol 1998;22(5):345.
  115. DeRuiter J, Clark CR, Noggle FT. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric and highperformance liquid chromatographic analyses of the bromination products of the regioisomeric
    dimethoxyphenethylamines: Differentiation of NEXUS from five positional isomers. J Chromatogr Sci 1998;36(1):23.
  116. deBoer D, Gijzels MJ, Bosman IJ, Maes RAA. More data about the new psychoactive drug 2CB. J Anal Toxicol 1999;23(3):227.
  117. DeRuiter J, Holston P, Clark CR, Noggle FT. Liquid chromatographic and mass spectral methods of identification for regioisomeric dimethoxyamphetamines and brominated dimethoxyamphetamines. J Chromatogr Sci 1998;36(2):73.
  118. DeRuiter J, Clark CR, Noggle FT. Analysis of the bromination products of the isomeric dimethoxyphenethylamines: Differentiation of 'Nexus' from five positional isomers. Microgram 1997;30(5):96.
  119. DeRuiter J, Clark CR, Noggle FT. LC and GC-MS analysis of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (Nexus) and 2-propanamine and 2-butanamine analogs. J Chomatogr Sci 1995;33(10):583.
  120. Chamakura RP. Bufotenine - A hallucinogen in ancient snuff powders of South America and a drug of abuse on the streets of New York. Forensic Sci Rev 1994;6:1.
  121. Chamakura RP. Bufotenine. Microgram 1993;26:185.
  122. Burke AA, Liptak AD, Oberdorf CA. BSTFA derivatization of bufotenine. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1998;4:34.
  123. Pedersen Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE, Sannes E. Strategies for the capillary electrophoretic separation of indole alkaloids in Psilocybe Semilanceata. Electrophoresis 1998;19(1):27.
  124. Montgomery MA, LeBeau MA. Differentiation of bufotenine and psilocin by GC/MS(CI). Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:22.
  125. Phelan CP. Identification of psilocin and bufotenine via GC/IRD. Microgram 1999;32(2):83.
  126. Phelan CP. Identification of psilocin and bufotenine via GC/IRD. Proceedings of the International Association of Forensic Sciences 15th Triennial Meeting 1999:66.
  127. Chamakura RP. Tryptamines. Microgram 1994;27:316.
  128. Vohlken BA. Bufotenine and psilocin mass spectral distinctions. Microgram 1993;26:233.
  129. Chamakura RP. "Love stone" - A hallucinogenic, an aphrodisiac, and a deadly poison. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1996;2:48.
  130. Chamakura RP. 'Love Stone' - A hallucinogen, an aphrodisiac, and a deadly poison. Microgram 1998;31(5):127.
  131. Barry TL, Petzinger G, Zito SW. GC/MS Comparison of the West Indian aphrodisiac 'Love Stone' to the Chinese medication 'Chan Su': Bufotenine and related bufadienolides. J Forensic Sci 1996;41(6):1068.
  132. Kalix P. Cathinone - a natural amphetamine. Pharm Toxicol 1992;70:77.
  133. Lee MM. The identification of cathinone in khat (Catha Edulis): A time study. J Forensic Sci 1995;40(1):116.
  134. Benshafrut R, Rothchild R. NMR studies of drugs. Enantiomeric excess determination of Nacetylcathinone with Eu(HFC)3 Spectrosc Lett 1992;25(7):1097.
  135. Al Obaid AM, Al Tamrah SA, Aly FA, Alwarthan AA. Determination of (S)-(-)-cathinone by spectrophotometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1998;17(2):321.
  136. Lewis RJ, Reed D, Service AG, Langford AM. The identification of 2-chloro-4,5-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine in an illicit drug seizure. J Forensic Sci 2000;45(5):1119.
  137. Chankvetadze B, Lomsadze K, Bergenthal D, Breitkreutz J, Bergander K, Blaschke G. Mechanistic study on the opposite migration order of clenbuterol enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis with beta-cyclodextrin and single isomer heptakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-sulfo)-betacyclodextrin. Electrophoresis 2001;22(15):3178.
  138. Garcia-Ruiz C, Marina ML. Fast enantiomeric separation of basic drugs by electrokinetic chromatography. Application to the quantitation of terbutaline in a pharmaceutical preparation. Electrophoresis 2001;22(15):3191.
  139. Lopez-Erroz C, Vinas P, Cerdan FJ, Hernandez-Cordoba M. Determination of clenbuterol in pharmaceutical preparations by reaction with o-phthaldehyde using a flow-injection fluorimetric procedure. Talanta 2000;53(1):47.
  140. Krawczeniuk AS. Identification of clenbuterol: GC-derivatization techniques and electrospray mass spectrometry. Microgram 1996;29(8):210.
  141. Ozkan Y, Ozkan SA, AboulEnein HY. Determination of clenbuterol HCl in human serum, pharmaceuticals, and in drug dissolution studies by RP-HPLC. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Tech 2001;24(5):679.
  142. Ishii H, Morishita M, Yamad H, Iwasa S, Yajima T. Simultaneous analysis of coca alkaloids and sugars in illicit cocaine using capillary electrophoresis. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(3):490.
  143. Krawczeniuk AS, Bravenec VA. Quantitative determination of cocaine in illicit powders by free zone capillary electrophoresis. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(4):738.
  144. Gueniat O, Hartmann S. Profiling of illicit cocaine samples by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Proceedings of the International Association of Forensic Sciences 13th Triennial Meeting 1993;5:214.
  145. Saha U, Mazumdar KK, Sanyal M, Chakraburty NN. Determination of cocaine in suspected
    narcotic substances by FTIR and HPTLC methods. Microgram 1996;29(3):64.
  146. Fernandez-Abedul MT, Costa-Garcia A. Flow injection analysis with amperometric detection of cocaine in confiscated samples. Anal Chim Acta 1996;328(1):67.
  147. Jellema R. Analysis of cocaine hydrochloride in wax. Microgram 2001;34(7):183.
  148. Krueger ST. New application for the quantitation of cocaine base by gas chromatography. J Forensic Sci 1994;39(1):177.
  149. LoDico CP, Lowe RH, Caplan YH. GC/MS confirmation of cocaine sampled by AccuPRESS Surface drug test kits. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1996;2:19.
  150. Glass RL, Johnson EL. Comparison of high performance liquid chromatographic analyses of cocaine in Coca leaves. J Liq Chromatogr 1993;16:3543.
  151. MacGregor RR, Fowler JS, Wolf AP. Determination of the enantiomeric composition of samples of cocaine by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Chromatogr 1992;590:354.
  152. Atay O, Oztop F. Quantitative determination by using HPLC and GLC methods for cocaine HCl in synthetic binary mixtures with procaine HCl, lidocaine HCl and caffeine. Anal Letters 1997;30(3):565.
  153. Campanella L, Colapicchioni C, Tomassetti M, Dezzi S. Comparison of three analytical methods for cocaine analysis of illicit powders. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1996;14(8-10):1047.
  154. Nishikawa M, Nakajima K, Tatsuno M, Kasuya F, Igarashi K, Fukui M, Tsuchihashi H. The analysis of cocaine and its metabolites by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS). Forensic Sci Int 1994;66:149.
  155. Smith RM. The mass spectrum of cocaine. J Forensic Sci 1997;42(3):475.
  156. Wang PP, Bartlett MG. Collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of cocaine, and its metabolites and pyrolysis products. J Mass Spec 1998;33(10):961.
  157. Trenerry VC, Robertson J, Wells RJ. The determination of cocaine and related substances by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 1994;15:103.
  158. Brettell TA, Cole DA. The forensic identification of cocaine free base (crack) by Raman microspectroscopy. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1999;5:45.
  159. Brettell TA, Cole DA. The forensic identification of illicit cocaine by Raman microspectroscopy. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1999;5:28.
  160. Hsu Y-L, Walton J, Lopez C, Rose S, Furton KG. The analysis of drug odor signatures and free fraction drugs from plasma using SPME/GC/MS. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:52.
  161. Pantea A, Pop A, Dogaru S. Identification of cocaine in samples also containing other local anesthetics. Rev Chim (Bucharest) 1996;47(6):580.
  162. Koulis CV, Reffner JA, Bibby AM. Comparison of transmission and internal reflectance infrared spectra of cocaine. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(4):822.
  163. Reffner JA, Bracken VA, Koulis CV. Comparison of transmission and internal reflection infrared spectra for forensic analysis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:50.
  164. Airaksinen AJ, Tuppurainen KA, Lotjonen SE, Niemitz M, Yu MX, Vepsalainen JJ, Laatikainen R, Hiltunen J, Bergstrom KA. Nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular orbital study of some cocaine analogues. Tetrahedron 1999;55(34):10537.
  165. Elsherbini SH. Cocaine base identification and quantification. Forensic Sci Rev 1998;10(1):1.
  166. Wang PP, Bartlett MG. Identification and quantitation of cocaine N-oxide: A thermally labile metabolite of cocaine. J Anal Toxicol 1999;23(1):62.
  167. Jenkins AJ, Llosa T, Montoya I, Cone EJ. Identification and quantitation of alkaloids in coca tea. Forensic Sci Int 1996;77(3):179.
  168. Christie TJ, Hanway RH, Paulls DA, Townsend A. Chemiluminescence determination of codeine by permanganate oxidation. Anal Proc 1995;32(3):91.
  169. Liu SY, Woo SO, Holmes MJ, Koh HL. LC and LC-MS-MS analyses of undeclared codeine in antiasthmatic Chinese proprietary medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000;22(3):481.
  170. Nair NM, Jackson GE, Campbell WE. Structural assignment of the opium alkaloid codeine via 2D NMR techniques. Spec Letts 1997;30:497.
  171. Stubberud KP, Astrom O. Separation of ibuprofen, codeine phosphate, their degradation products and impurities by capillary electrophoresis. II. Validation. J Chromatogr A 1998;826(1):95.
  172. Haque A. Stewart JT. Simultaneous determination of codeine, butalbital, and aspirin by free solution capillary electrophoresis. J Liq Chromatogr and Rel Tech 1999;22(8):1193.
  173. Ragonese R, Mulholland M, Kalman J. Full and fractionated experimental designs for robustness testing in the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of codeine phosphate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical preparation. J Chromatogr A 2000;870(1-2):45.
  174. Churchill KT. Creatine; an analytical profile. Microgram 2000;33:223.
  175. Chew S, Chappell J. Analytical update on creatine. Microgram 2001;34(2):33.
  176. Wagner SD, Kaufer SW, Sherma J. Quantification of creatine in nutrition supplements by thin layer chromatography-densitometry with thermochemical activation of fluorescence quenching. J Liq Chromatogr Rel Tech 2001;24(16):2525.
  177. Callahan SA, Latham DJ, Dawson BA, Black DB, Cyr TD, Ethier J-C, By AW, Neville GA. Identification of an unusual police exhibit as cyclofenil, a gonad-stimulating substance. Microgram 1997;30(7):145.
  178. Dearmore IK. Cyclohexyl nitrite encounter. J Forensic Sci 1999;44(1):197.
  179. Ferretti R, Gallinella B, Latorre F, Lusi A. Direct high-performance liquid chromatography resolution on a chiral column of dexfenfluramine and its impurities in bulk raw drug and pharmaceutical formulations. J Chromatogr A 1996;731(1-2):340.
  180. Fitzgerald RL, O'Neal CL, Hart BJ, Poklis A, Harold DA. Comparison of an ion trap and a quadrupole mass spectrometer using diazepam as a model compound. Anal Toxicol 1997;21(6):445.
  181. Garcia MG, Garcia A, Gonzalez I. Extraction and electrochemical quantification of the active ingredient (diazepam) in pharmaceutical products. Talanta 1993;40(12):1775.
  182. Hays PA. Dihydroetorphine and etorphine. Microgram 1998;31(9):234.
  183. Stall J. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-2). J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 1999;9(1):15.
  184. Zimmerman MM. The identification of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(N)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7). Microgram 2001;34(7):169.
  185. Dawson BA, Black DB, Cyr TD, Neville GA, Shurvell HF. Spectroscopic characterization and proof of structure for dimethpramide. Can J App Spect 1995;40(5):131.
  186. Dawson BA, Black DB, Cyr TD, Ethier J-C, By AW, Beckstead HD, Neville GA. Structural elucidation of unusual police exhibits. I. Dimethpramide (Dimetcarb). Forensic Sci Int 1995;71(3):169.
  187. Latham D, Callahan S, Dawson BA, Black DB, Cyr T, Ethier JC, By A, Beckstead HD, Neville GA. Identification of an unusual police exhibit as dimethpramide. Microgram 1994;27:227.
  188. Noggle FT, Clark CR, DeRuiter J. Liquid chromatographic and spectral analysis of the stereoisomers of dimethylaminorex. JAOAC Int 1992;75(3):423.
  189. Bailey VA, Buer LO. The stability of dimethylamphetamine upon exposure to heat, air, and moisture. Microgram 1993;26:96.
  190. Sato M, Hida M, Nagase H. Analysis of the pyrolysis products of dimethylamphetamine. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25(5):304.
  191. Ford SL, Steiner RR, Thiericke R, Young R, Soine WH. Dragon's blood incense: Misbranded as a drug of abuse? Forensic Sci Int 2001;115(1-2):1
  192. Steiner RR. Dragon's blood incense. Microgram 1997;30(11):258.
  193. Flieger M, Wurst M, Shelby R. Ergot alkaloids - Sources, structures, and analytical methods. Folia Microbiologica 1997;42(1):3.
  194. Ware GM, Price G, Carter Jr L, Eitenmiller RR. Liquid chromatographic preparative method for isolating ergot alkaloids, using a particle-loaded membrane extracting disk. JAOAC Int 2000;83(6):1395.
  195. Scott PM, Lombaert GA, Pellaers P, Bacler S, Lappi J. Ergot alkaloids in grain foods sold in Canada. JAOAC Int 1992;75(5):773.
  196. Mestre YF, Band BF, Zamora LL, Calatayud JM. Flow injection analysis - direct chemiluminescence determination of ergonovine maleate enhanced by hexadecyl-pyridinium chloride. Analyst 1999;124(3):413.
  197. Sorokin VI, Ponkratov KV, Drozdov MA. Etonitazene encountered in Moscow. Microgram 1999;32(9):239.
  198. Al-Hussaini SR. Counterfeit Captagon: An analytical study. Science Justice 1996;36(3):139.
  199. Al-Gharably N, Al-Obaid AR. The characterization of counterfeit Captagon tablets. J Forensic Sci Soc 1994;34:165.
  200. Poklis A. Fentanyl: A review for clinical and analytical toxicologists. Clinical Toxicology 1995;33(5):439.
  201. Guo H, Hu N, Lin S. Adsorptive stripping voltametric properties of fentanyl at Hg electrode. Talanta 1994;41(11):1929.
  202. Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemists Association. Monograph: A Review of the Syntheses and Analyses of Fentanyl and its Analogues. Fresno, CA:1996.
  203. Lurie IS, Allen AC. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation of fentanyl homologues and analogues II. Variables affecting hydrophobic group contribution. J Chromatogr 1992;292:283.
  204. Ohta H, Suzaki S, Ogasawara K. Studies on fentanyl and related compounds. IV. Chromatographic and spectrometric discrimination of fentanyl and its derivatives. J Anal Toxicol 1999;23(4):280.
  205. Ye NS, Zhu RH, Gu XX, Zou H. Determination of scopolamine, atropine and anisodamine in Flos daturae by capillary electrophoresis. Biomedical Chromatography 2001;15(8):509.
  206. Churchill KT. Roofies. Microgram 1995;28(10):329.
  207. Chociay J, Szarka J, McBride C. Procedure for the identification of flunitrazepam tablets (Rohypnol). Microgram 1999;32(2):75.
  208. Rucker C. Chemical screening and identification techniques for flunitrazepam. Microgram 1998;31(7):198.
  209. McKibben T. Simple and rapid color screening tests for flunitrazepam (Rohypnol). J Forensic Sci 1999;44(2):396.
  210. Rochholz G, Ahrens B, Schutz H. Modified screening procedure with fluorescence detection for flunitrazepam. Arzneimittel Forschung 1994;44(1):469.
  211. Neville GA, Beckstead HD, Black DB, Dawson BA, Shurvell HF. Vibrational and NMR spectroscopic study of aged flurazepam mono- and dihydrochloride salts for content identity. J Pharm Sci 1994;83(9):1274.
  212. Rucker CL. Chemical screening and identification techniques for flunitrazepam. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1999;5:40.
  213. Alexander GL. Characterization of aromatic fluoro-analogs of phenylacetone, amphetamine, and methamphetamine. Microgram 1994;27:268.
  214. Poortman-van der Meer AJ, Huizer H. First encounter with p-fluorofentanyl in the Netherlands. Toxichem + Krimtech 1996;63(1):7.
  215. Holt P-J, Bruce NC, Lowe CR. Bioluminescent assay for heroin and its metabolites. Anal Chem 1996;68(11):1877.
  216. Trenerry VC, Wells RJ. The analysis of illicit heroin seizures by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 1994;32(1):1.
  217. Hu SH, Liu YL, Ju JY. A method for the simultaneous quantitation of seized heroin using pyrene as internal standard and qualitative analysis of its adulterants by GC/MS. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1995;1:18.
  218. Aizenman N, Ravreby M. Detecting heroin in heroin citrate residues. Microgram 1994;27:182.
  219. Wijesekera ARL, Abeysinghe DMUJ, Pathirana KC. Studies of the degradation of heroin. Forensic Sci Int 1994;67(3):147.
  220. Burla R, Avraham S, Glattstein, B, Levy S. Separation of heroin from several adulterants in illicit powders. Microgram 1995;28(9):300.
  221. Besacier F. Isotope fingerprints of illicit heroin samples. Presentation - 5th Canadian Continuous-Flow Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Workshop; Ottawa, Canada; 1998.
  222. Lurie IS. Application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to the analysis of illicit heroin seizures. J Chromatogr A 1997;780:265.
  223. Walker JA, Krueger ST, Lurie IS, Marche HL, Newby N. Analysis of heroin drug seizures by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). J Forensic Sci 1995;40(1):6.
  224. Suryaprakash N, Azoury M, Goren Z, Jelinek R. Identification of heroin in street doses using 1D-TOCSY nuclear magnetic resonance. J Forensic Sci 2000;45(5):963.
  225. Kalia A, Sharm RM, Singh G, Kaur S, Verma RS. Analysis of heroin and its adulterants by thin layer chromatography. Indian J Forensic Sci 1992;6:95.
  226. Visky D, Kraszni M, Hosztafi S, Noszal B. HPCE analysis of hydrolysing morphine derivatives. Quantitation of decomposition rate and mobility. Chromatographia 2000;51(5/6):294.
  227. Krough M, Brekke S, Tonnesen F, Rasmussen KE. Analysis of drug seizures of heroin and amphetamine by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1994;674:235.
  228. Liu CL, Bowers LD. Mass spectrometric characterization of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. J Mass Spec 1997;32(1):33.
  229. Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemists Association. Monograph: GHB. Fresno, CA:2000.
  230. Lewis A, Smith E. gamma-Hydroxybutyrate: From the 60's to the present. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:43.
  231. Walker L. Identification of the potassium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 1999;9(1):17.
  232. Bommarito C. Analytical profile of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 1993;3:10.
  233. Krawczeniuk A. The occurrence of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in a steroid seizure. Microgram 1993;26(7):160.
  234. Krawczeniuk AS. Direct detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate: A new recreational drug via free zone capillary electrophoresis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1998;4:34.
  235. Koppenhaver DJ. GHB color test. Microgram 1997;30(6):130.
  236. Morris, JA. Extraction of GHB for FTIR analysis and a new color test for gamma-butyrolactone (GBL). Microgram 1999;32(8):215.
  237. Garcia AD, Shannon M, Almirall JR. Fast analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by insitu derivatization on an SPME fiber. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1999;5:45.
  238. Wolnik KA, Keitkemper DT, Crowe JB, Barnes BS, Brueggemeyer TW. Application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry to forensic analysis of sodium gamma-hydroxy butyrate and ephedrine hydrochloride. J Anal Atomic Spect 1995;10:177.
  239. Catterton AJ. Identification of sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (NaGHB) by infrared spectroscopy, utilizing a 3 bounce diamond ATR element. Microgram 2001;34(1):15.
  240. Andera KM, Evans HK, Wojcik CM. Microchemical identification of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). J Forensic Sci 2000;45(3):665.
  241. Chew SL. Identification and quantitation of GHB by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1999;5:41.
  242. Blair S, Song M, Hall B, Brodbelt J. Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in water and human urine by solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography/quadrupole ion trap spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(3):688.
  243. Ciolino LA, Mesmer MZ, Satzger RD, Machal AC, McCauley HA, Mohrhaus AS. The chemical interconversion of GHB and GBL: Forensic issues and implications. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(6):1315.
  244. Ciolino LA, Mesmer MZ. Bridging the gap between GHB and GBL: Forensic issues of interconversion. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:44.
  245. Garcia AD, Lurie IS, Hulett L, Almirall JR. Quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and gamma-butyrolactone using capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:28.
  246. Naisbitt GH, Murdock DS, McDaniel SR, Hopkins BJ, McNair JM. GHB determination by GCMS without complication or ambiguity from GBL. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:28.
  247. Beyerle TH. Optimum high performance liquid chromatography parameters for the quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:44.
  248. Mesmer MZ, Satzger RD. Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and gammabutyrolactone (GBL) by HPLC/UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC/thermospray mass spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 1998;43(3):489 [published erratum appears in J Forensic Sci 1998;43(6):1259].
  249. Vose J, Tighe T, Schwartz M, Buel E. Detection of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) as a natural component in wine. J Forensic Sci 2001;46(5):1164.
  250. Morris JA. Analogs of GHB. Part 2: Analytical perspective. J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 2001;11(1):16.
  251. McCauley HA, Machal AC, Ciolino LA, Mesmer MZ, Satzger RD. GHB, GBL, BD: A recipe for disaster. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2000;6:43.
  252. Morris JA. Analogs of GHB. Part 1: Theoretical perspective. J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 2000;10(2):18.
  253. Northrop DM. GHB analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 2001;7:27.
  254. Chew SL. 1,4-Butanediol in liquid exhibit. Microgram 1997;30(7):154.
  255. Walker L. Maple syrup and 1,4-butanediol. J Clan Lab Invest Chem Assoc 2000;10(3):13.
  256. Cyr T, Dawson B, By A, Neville G, Shurvell H. Structural elucidation of unusual police exhibits. II: Identification and spectral characterization of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amphetamine hydrochloride. J Forensic Sci 1996;41(4):608.
  257. Carpenter J, Hugel J, Weaver K. The identification of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amphetamine. J Can Soc Forens Sci 1993;26:143.
  258. Pakulniewicz KJ. The use of derivatives to identify N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine by GC-FTIR. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1995;1:22.
  259. Noggle FT, Clark CR, DeRuiter J, Cain P. Analytical Properties of N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Flea'): A Potential New Street Drug. Microgram 1996;29(1):10.
  260. Smith RM, Koch MG. Thermal decomposition of N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine during GC and GC/MS analysis. Microgram 1995;28:199.
  261. Hays PA, Koles JE, Morello DR. Imazalil sulfate. Microgram 1995;28(12):389.
  262. Perez-Ruiz T, Martinez-Lozano C, Sanz A, Alonso C. Flow-injection extraction - spectrophotometric determination of imipramine in pharmaceuticals with methyl orange. Talanta 1994;41(9):1523.
  263. Koverman G. Identification of scopolamine and hyoscyamine in jimson weed (Datura Stramonium). Microgram 1993;26:122.
  264. Rees DK, Wasem SE. The identification and quantitation of ketamine hydrochloride. Microgram 2000;33(7):163.
  265. Licata M, Pierini G, Popoli G. A fatal ketamine poisoning. J Forensic Sci 1994;39(5):1314.
  266. LeBelle M, Lauriault G, Lavoie A. Chiral carboxylic acids as derivatizing agents for the determination of the alkaloids of khat. Proceedings of the International Association of Forensic Sciences 13th Triennial Meeting 1993;5:238.
  267. Ripani L, Schiavone S, Garofano L. GC/MS identification of Catha Edulis stimulant-active principles. Forensic Sci Int 1996;78(1):39.
  268. LeBelle MJ, Lauriault G, Lavoie A. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of chiral derivatives of the alkaloids of khat. Forensic Sci Int 1993;61(1):53.
  269. Morselli O, Bovolenta A, Ripani L, Garofano L. Gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of the active principles of Catha Edulis. African Vegetable. Microgram 1992;25:290.
  270. Deters KS. Identification of khat using GC/MS/MS. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences 1997;3:22.
  271. Mathys K, Brenneisen R. HPLC and TLC profiles of phenylalkylamines of khat (Catha Edulis Forsk) confiscated in Switzerland. Pharm Acta Helv 1993;5:53.
  272. Dawson BA, Black DB, Lavoie A, LeBelle MJ. Nuclear magnetic resonance identification of the phenethylamine alkaloids of khat using a chiral solvating agent. J Forensic Sci 1994;39:1026.
  273. Archontaki HA, Atamian K, Panderi IE, Gikas EE. Kinetic study on the acidic hydrolysis of lorazepam by a zero-crossing first-order derivative UV-spectrophotometric technique. Talanta 1999;48(3):685.
  274. Clandestine Laboratory Investigating Chemists Association. Monograph: LSD. Fresno, CA:1999.
  275. Paul BD, Smith ML. LSD - An overview on drug action and detection. Forensic Sci Rev 1999;11(2):157.
  276. Kilmer SD. The isolation and identification of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) from sugar cubes and a liquid substrate. J Forensic Sci 1994;39:860.
  277. Webb KS, Baker PB, Cassells NP, Francis JM, Johnston DE, Lancaster SL, Minty PS, Reed GD, White SA. The analysis of lysergide (LSD): The development of novel enzyme immunoassay and immunoaffinity extraction procedures together with an HPLC-MS confirmation procedure. J Forensic Sci 1996;41(6):938.
  278. Ripani L, Schiavone S, Garofano L. GC quantitative determination of illicit LSD. J Forensic Sci 1994;39(2):512.
  279. Blackwell TM. Identification of LSD on single blotter paper via GC/MS using electronic pressure controls and pulsed split injection. Microgram 1998;31(2):51.
  280. Gilbert MW, Lothridge K. The differentiation of LSD and LAMPA by capillary GC/MS/FTIR. Proceedings of the International Association of Forensic Sciences 14th Triennial Meeting 1996;2:356.
  281. Morales R. Quantitative analysis of lysergic acid diethylamide by gas liquid chromatography. Microgram 1993;26:129.
  282. Veress T. Study of the extraction of LSD from illicit blotters for HPLC determination. J Forensic Sci 1993;38:1105.
  283. Heagy JA, Moriwaki WM, Chan, KT. LSD extraction from blotter paper. Microgram 1995;28:85.
  284. Djordjevic MN, Fitzpatrick F, Houdiere F. Separation of D-lysergic acid diethylamide derivatives using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Electrophoresis 2000;21(4):724.
  285. Salamone S, Li Z, McNally AJ, Vitone S, Wu RS. Epimerization studies of LSD using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. J Anal Toxicol 1997;21(6):492.
  286. Jeger AN, Briellmann TA. Robotic TLC-sampling by quantification of LSD trips. Proceedings of the International Association of Forensic Sciences 13th Triennial Meeting 1993;5:262.
  287. Anderson P, Ehorn CA. Rapid confirmation of hallucinogens after minimal sample preparation by GC/MS and GC/MS/MS. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1999;5:43.
  288. Moreno E, Roca I, Peso A, del Menendez M. Clandestine plantation of cannabis sativa in Spain. Microgram 2001;34(4):67.
  289. Lurie IS, Meyers RP, Conver TS. Capillary electrochromatography of cannabinoids. Anal Chem 1998;70(15):3255.
  290. Lurie IS, Meyers RP, Conver TS. Capillary electrochromatography of cannabinoids. Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. 1999;5:42.
  291. Kohjyouma M, Lee I-J, Iida O, Sekita S, Satake M, Makino Y. DNA analysis of Cannabis Sativa L. DNA Takei 2000;8:87.
  292. Linacre